Side-by-Side Comparison
Food Additives & E-Numbers
E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E163: Anthocyanins (Grape Skin & Berry Red/Purple)
Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 10 key differences identified.
Comparing:
E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color)
E163: Anthocyanins (Grape Skin & Berry Red/Purple)
E140 (Chlorophyll) is the natural magnesium-porphyrin green pigment extracted from grass, alfalfa, and nettles. INS 140(i), ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), utilized to restore vibrant botanical green color to confectionery, oils, and pasta.
E163 (Anthocyanins) are natural water-soluble flavonoid polyphenol pigments extracted from grape skins, elderberries, and black carrots. INS 163, ADI is 2.5 mg/kg bw/day (grape skin extract), exhibiting pH-dependent colors from red to blue.
Specification Comparison Table
10 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
E-Number Code
|
E140 | E163 |
|
INS / Codex Number
|
INS 140(i) | INS 163(i)–(v) |
|
Functional Class
|
Food Color (Green) | Food Color (Red, Purple, Blue) |
|
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
|
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) | 2.5 mg / kg body weight per day (as anthocyanins) |
|
Primary Mechanism
|
Light absorption in red (660nm) and blue (430nm) spectra, reflecting vibrant botanical green | Flavylium cation red at pH 1–3, converting to blue quinoidal base at neutral/alkaline pH |
|
Common Target Foods
|
Pesto, spinach pasta, mint confectionery, olive oil blends, liqueurs | Red fruit beverages, sports drinks, jams, jellies, wine gums |
|
Dietary Compliance
|
100% Vegan (Plant solvent extraction), Halal, Kosher | 100% Vegan (Fruit/Vegetable extraction), Halal, Kosher |
|
Safety Approval
|
EFSA Authorized / FDA 21 CFR 73.125 | EFSA Authorized / FDA 21 CFR 73.170 |
|
Chemical Formula
|
C55H72MgN4O5 (Chlorophyll a) | — |
|
Key Flavylium Cations
|
— | Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Malvidin, Peonidin, Petunidin |
Other Alternatives to Compare
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E100: Curcumin (Turmeric Yellow Color) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E101: Riboflavin (Vitamin B2 Yellow Color) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E150a: Plain Caramel (Class I Caramel Color) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E150d: Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (Class IV Caramel) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E160a: Beta-Carotene (Provitamin A Orange Color) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E160c: Paprika Extract (Capsanthin / Capsorubin) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E162: Beetroot Red (Betanin) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E170: Calcium Carbonate (Mineral White Color / Anti-Caking) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E200: Sorbic Acid (Antifungal Preservative) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E202: Potassium Sorbate (Soluble Antimicrobial) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E211: Sodium Benzoate (Acid Beverage Preservative) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E220: Sulfur Dioxide (Antioxidant & Wine Preservative) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E224: Potassium Metabisulfite (Campden Salt) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E250: Sodium Nitrite (Curing Salt / Anti-Botulism Preservative) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E251: Sodium Nitrate (Chile Saltpeter / Slow Curing) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E260: Acetic Acid (Vinegar Acidulant / Preservative) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E270: Lactic Acid (Biological Acidulant) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E282: Calcium Propionate (Bread Anti-Mold) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E300: L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C Antioxidant & Flour Improver) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E306: Tocopherol-Rich Extract (Natural Vitamin E Antioxidant) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E322: Lecithin (Phospholipid Emulsifier & Viscosity Reducer) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E330: Citric Acid (Universal Acidulant / Chelator) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E334: L-Tartaric Acid (Wine & Baking Acidulant) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E406: Agar-Agar (Seaweed Hydrocolloid Gel) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E407: Carrageenan (Dairy Stabilizer Hydrocolloid) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E410: Locust Bean Gum (Carob Bean Gum / LBG) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E412: Guar Gum (Cold-Soluble Galactomannan) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E415: Xanthan Gum (Pseudoplastic Hydrocolloid Thickener) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E422: Glycerol (Glycerin Humectant & Solvent) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E440: Pectin (Citrus & Apple Jam Gelling Fiber) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E460: Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC / Dietary Bulking) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E471: Mono- & Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (Bread Softener) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E500: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda / Ins 500ii) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E501: Potassium Carbonate (Potash / Alkaline Noodle Salt) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E503: Ammonium Bicarbonate (Baker's Ammonia / Hartshorn) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E509: Calcium Chloride (Firming Agent / Cheese Salt) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E621: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG / Umami Flavor Enhancer) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E627: Disodium Guanylate (GMP Umami Synergist) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E631: Disodium Inosinate (IMP Meat Umami Synergist) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E635: Disodium 5'-Ribonucleotides (I+G Blend) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E950: Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K / 200x Sweetener) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E951: Aspartame (Dipeptide Sweetener / 200x) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E955: Sucralose (Splenda / 600x Heat-Stable Sweetener) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E960: Steviol Glycosides (Reb-A / Stevia Extract) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E965: Maltitol (Sugar Alcohol / 90% Sweetness) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E967: Xylitol (Birch Sugar / Dental Caries Inhibitor) →
Compare E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E968: Erythritol (Zero-Calorie Fermented Polyol) →