Side-by-Side Comparison
Food Additives & E-Numbers
E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) vs. E160a: Beta-Carotene (Provitamin A Orange Color)
Comparing 2 standards across 9 specifications. 9 key differences identified.
Comparing:
E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color)
E160a: Beta-Carotene (Provitamin A Orange Color)
E140 (Chlorophyll) is the natural magnesium-porphyrin green pigment extracted from grass, alfalfa, and nettles. INS 140(i), ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), utilized to restore vibrant botanical green color to confectionery, oils, and pasta.
E160a (Beta-Carotene) is a fat-soluble orange carotenoid tetraterpenoid obtained by synthesis, fermentation of Blakeslea trispora, or plant extraction. INS 160a(i)/(ii), ADI is Not Specified, providing deep orange-yellow hues in dairy, juices, and fats.
Specification Comparison Table
9 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
E-Number Code
|
E140 | E160a |
|
INS / Codex Number
|
INS 140(i) | INS 160a(i) / 160a(ii) |
|
Functional Class
|
Food Color (Green) | Food Color (Yellow-Orange), Provitamin A Fortificant |
|
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
|
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) | Not Specified (Quantum Satis from dietary/fermentation forms) |
|
Chemical Formula
|
C55H72MgN4O5 (Chlorophyll a) | C40H56 |
|
Primary Mechanism
|
Light absorption in red (660nm) and blue (430nm) spectra, reflecting vibrant botanical green | 11 conjugated double-bond chromophore system absorbing blue-violet light; converts into 2 molecules of retinol (Vitamin A) |
|
Common Target Foods
|
Pesto, spinach pasta, mint confectionery, olive oil blends, liqueurs | Butter, margarine, processed cheeses, orange juices, baked pastries |
|
Dietary Compliance
|
100% Vegan (Plant solvent extraction), Halal, Kosher | Vegan (Plant/Fermentation), Halal, Kosher Certified |
|
Safety Approval
|
EFSA Authorized / FDA 21 CFR 73.125 | EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 73.95) |
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