E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color)

Direct Answer

E140 (Chlorophyll) is the natural magnesium-porphyrin green pigment extracted from grass, alfalfa, and nettles. INS 140(i), ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), utilized to restore vibrant botanical green color to confectionery, oils, and pasta.

Source: Codex Alimentarius / EFSA · Last reviewed Aug 28, 2026

Specs

E-Number Code	E140
INS / Codex Number	INS 140(i)
Functional Class	Food Color (Green)
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)	Not Limited (Quantum Satis)
Chemical Formula	C55H72MgN4O5 (Chlorophyll a)
Primary Mechanism	Light absorption in red (660nm) and blue (430nm) spectra, reflecting vibrant botanical green
Common Target Foods	Pesto, spinach pasta, mint confectionery, olive oil blends, liqueurs
Dietary Compliance	100% Vegan (Plant solvent extraction), Halal, Kosher
Safety Approval	EFSA Authorized / FDA 21 CFR 73.125

Acid Instability & Pheophytin Conversion

In acidic media (pH < 5.5), the central Mg2+ ion is displaced by hydrogen ions, converting bright green chlorophyll into olive-brown pheophytin. Copper complexes (E141) are used where thermal/acid stability is required.