Side-by-Side Comparison
Essential Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B3 (Niacin / Nicotinic Acid & Nicotinamide)
Comparing 2 standards across 9 specifications. 9 key differences identified.
Comparing:
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin / Nicotinic Acid & Nicotinamide)
Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble pyrimidine/thiazole vitamin acting as the Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) coenzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. Adult RDA is 1.2 mg (men) / 1.1 mg (women) (no Upper Limit established).
Vitamin B3 comprises nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, precursors to NAD+ and NADP+ coenzymes central to over 400 enzymatic cellular reactions and DNA repair by PARP enzymes. Adult RDA is 16 mg NE (men) / 14 mg NE (women), with a Tolerable Upper Limit of 35 mg/day.
Specification Comparison Table
9 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Nutrient Type
|
Water-Soluble Thiazole Vitamin | Water-Soluble Pyridine Vitamin |
|
Adult RDA / RDI
|
1.2 mg / day (Men) / 1.1 mg / day (Women) (+0.3mg during pregnancy) | 16 mg NE / day (Men) / 14 mg NE / day (Women) (NE = Niacin Equivalents) |
|
Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)
|
None Established (Rapid renal clearance of excess) | 35 mg / day (Supplemental nicotinic acid; prevents prostaglandin flushing) |
|
Chemical Forms
|
Thiamine Monophosphate, Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP / TDP, active coenzyme), Benfotiamine (Lipid-soluble synthetic) | Nicotinamide (Niacinamide), Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) |
|
Primary Biological Function
|
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (Links glycolysis to Krebs cycle), Transketolase (Pentose Phosphate Pathway), Myelin neurotransmission | NAD+/NADH redox electron carrier in glycolysis/TCA cycle, NADP+/NADPH reductive biosynthesis, PARP-1 DNA repair, Sirtuin activation |
|
Deficiency Condition
|
Beriberi (Wet beriberi: high-output heart failure; Dry beriberi: peripheral neuropathy), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | Pellagra ('The 4 Ds': Diarrhea, Dermatitis on sun-exposed skin, Dementia, Death) |
|
Top Whole Food Sources
|
Pork Tenderloin, Sunflower Seeds, Nutritional Yeast, Enriched Grains, Black Beans, Flaxseeds | Chicken Breast, Canned Tuna, Salmon, Beef, Turkey, Peanuts, Brown Rice, Shiitake Mushrooms |
|
Thermolability & Alcohol Interaction
|
Degraded by alkaline pH and high heat cooking; alcohol blocks intestinal active ThTr-1 transport | — |
|
Tryptophan Biosynthesis Pathway
|
— | 60 mg of dietary amino acid L-tryptophan converts endogenously into 1 mg of niacin (1 NE) |
Other Alternatives to Compare
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Calcium (Elemental Ca) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Iodine (Elemental I) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Iron (Heme & Non-Heme) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Magnesium (Elemental Mg) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Potassium (Elemental K) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Selenium (Elemental Se) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Sodium (Elemental Na) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin A (Retinol & Beta-Carotene) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate / PLP) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B7 (Biotin / Vitamin H) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin B9 (Folate & Folic Acid) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin E (d-Alpha-Tocopherol) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) →
Compare Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) vs. Zinc (Elemental Zn) →