# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Food Additives & E-Numbers

E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E500: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda / Ins 500ii)

Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 9 key differences identified.

Comparing:
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)
E500: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda / Ins 500ii)
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) →

E414 (Gum Arabic / Acacia Gum) is a complex arabinogalactan-protein glycoprotein exudate harvested from Acacia senegal trees. INS 414, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), the premier film-forming emulsifier for citrus beverage flavor oils.

View full E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) spec sheet →
E500: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda / Ins 500ii) →

E500 (Sodium Carbonates / Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3) is a mineral salt leavening agent and pH buffer. INS 500(ii), ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), decomposing under heat and acid to produce carbon dioxide bubbles that expand cakes, cookies, and pretzel crusts.

View full E500: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda / Ins 500ii) spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

10 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)
E500: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda / Ins 500ii)
E-Number Code
E414 E500
INS / Codex Number
INS 414 INS 500(ii) (Bicarbonate) / 500(i) (Carbonate)
Functional Class
Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Encapsulating Agent, Prebiotic Fiber Raising / Leavening Agent, Acidity Regulator, Anti-Caking
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) Not Limited (Quantum Satis)
Primary Mechanism
Amphiphilic glycoprotein anchors hydrophobic oil droplets while polysaccharide branches project into water, preventing coalescence Thermal (>50°C) or acid neutralization releases CO2 gas: NaHCO3 + H+ -> Na+ + H2O + CO2
Common Target Foods
Citrus soft drinks (Suspends essential oils), gummy candies, confectionery pan coatings, flavor spray drying Baking powders, cookies, cakes, pretzel alkaline dips, effervescent drink tablets
Dietary Compliance
100% Vegan (Wild Acacia tree gum), Halal, Kosher 100% Vegan (Mineral Solvay process/Trona mining), Halal, Kosher
Safety Approval
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1330) EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1736)
Chemical Structure
Arabinogalactan core covalently linked to hydroxyproline-rich peptide chains (~2% protein) —
Chemical Formula
— NaHCO3 (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate)

Other Alternatives to Compare

Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E100: Curcumin (Turmeric Yellow Color) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E101: Riboflavin (Vitamin B2 Yellow Color) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E140: Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins (Green Color) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E150a: Plain Caramel (Class I Caramel Color) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E150d: Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (Class IV Caramel) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E160a: Beta-Carotene (Provitamin A Orange Color) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E160c: Paprika Extract (Capsanthin / Capsorubin) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E162: Beetroot Red (Betanin) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E163: Anthocyanins (Grape Skin & Berry Red/Purple) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E170: Calcium Carbonate (Mineral White Color / Anti-Caking) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E200: Sorbic Acid (Antifungal Preservative) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E202: Potassium Sorbate (Soluble Antimicrobial) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E211: Sodium Benzoate (Acid Beverage Preservative) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E220: Sulfur Dioxide (Antioxidant & Wine Preservative) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E224: Potassium Metabisulfite (Campden Salt) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E250: Sodium Nitrite (Curing Salt / Anti-Botulism Preservative) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E251: Sodium Nitrate (Chile Saltpeter / Slow Curing) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E260: Acetic Acid (Vinegar Acidulant / Preservative) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E270: Lactic Acid (Biological Acidulant) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E282: Calcium Propionate (Bread Anti-Mold) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E300: L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C Antioxidant & Flour Improver) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E306: Tocopherol-Rich Extract (Natural Vitamin E Antioxidant) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E322: Lecithin (Phospholipid Emulsifier & Viscosity Reducer) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E330: Citric Acid (Universal Acidulant / Chelator) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E334: L-Tartaric Acid (Wine & Baking Acidulant) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E406: Agar-Agar (Seaweed Hydrocolloid Gel) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E407: Carrageenan (Dairy Stabilizer Hydrocolloid) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E410: Locust Bean Gum (Carob Bean Gum / LBG) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E412: Guar Gum (Cold-Soluble Galactomannan) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E415: Xanthan Gum (Pseudoplastic Hydrocolloid Thickener) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E422: Glycerol (Glycerin Humectant & Solvent) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E440: Pectin (Citrus & Apple Jam Gelling Fiber) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E460: Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC / Dietary Bulking) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E471: Mono- & Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (Bread Softener) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E501: Potassium Carbonate (Potash / Alkaline Noodle Salt) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E503: Ammonium Bicarbonate (Baker's Ammonia / Hartshorn) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E509: Calcium Chloride (Firming Agent / Cheese Salt) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E621: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG / Umami Flavor Enhancer) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E627: Disodium Guanylate (GMP Umami Synergist) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E631: Disodium Inosinate (IMP Meat Umami Synergist) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E635: Disodium 5'-Ribonucleotides (I+G Blend) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E950: Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K / 200x Sweetener) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E951: Aspartame (Dipeptide Sweetener / 200x) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E955: Sucralose (Splenda / 600x Heat-Stable Sweetener) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E960: Steviol Glycosides (Reb-A / Stevia Extract) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E965: Maltitol (Sugar Alcohol / 90% Sweetness) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E967: Xylitol (Birch Sugar / Dental Caries Inhibitor) → Compare E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E968: Erythritol (Zero-Calorie Fermented Polyol) →