# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Food Additives & E-Numbers

E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) vs. E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)

Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 9 key differences identified.

Comparing:
E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas)
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)
E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) →

E290 (Carbon Dioxide / CO2) is an authorized food additive functioning as a carbonating gas, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) preservative, and cryogenic freezing propellant. INS 290, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis).

View full E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) spec sheet →
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) →

E414 (Gum Arabic / Acacia Gum) is a complex arabinogalactan-protein glycoprotein exudate harvested from Acacia senegal trees. INS 414, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), the premier film-forming emulsifier for citrus beverage flavor oils.

View full E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

10 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas)
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)
E-Number Code
E290 E414
INS / Codex Number
INS 290 INS 414
Functional Class
Carbonating Gas, Packaging Gas, Preservative, Propellant Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Encapsulating Agent, Prebiotic Fiber
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) Not Limited (Quantum Satis)
Primary Mechanism
Dissolves in water forming carbonic acid (H2CO3) for effervescence; displaces O2 in packaging to block aerobic mold growth Amphiphilic glycoprotein anchors hydrophobic oil droplets while polysaccharide branches project into water, preventing coalescence
Common Target Foods
Carbonated soft drinks, sparkling water, beer, champagne, MAP bagged salads, fresh meats Citrus soft drinks (Suspends essential oils), gummy candies, confectionery pan coatings, flavor spray drying
Dietary Compliance
100% Vegan, Halal, Kosher 100% Vegan (Wild Acacia tree gum), Halal, Kosher
Safety Approval
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1240) EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1330)
Chemical Formula
CO2 —
Chemical Structure
— Arabinogalactan core covalently linked to hydroxyproline-rich peptide chains (~2% protein)

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