# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Food Additives & E-Numbers

E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) vs. E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant)

Comparing 2 standards across 9 specifications. 9 key differences identified.

Comparing:
E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas)
E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant)
E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) →

E290 (Carbon Dioxide / CO2) is an authorized food additive functioning as a carbonating gas, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) preservative, and cryogenic freezing propellant. INS 290, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis).

View full E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas) spec sheet →
E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant) →

E338 (Phosphoric Acid / H3PO4) is a mineral inorganic acid providing a uniquely dry, tangy, astringent sourness. INS 338, group ADI is 40 mg/kg bw/day (as phosphorus), the quintessential acidulant in cola beverages and processed cheeses.

View full E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant) spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

9 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
E290: Carbon Dioxide (Carbonation & MAP Gas)
E338: Phosphoric Acid (Cola Acidulant)
E-Number Code
E290 E338
INS / Codex Number
INS 290 INS 338
Functional Class
Carbonating Gas, Packaging Gas, Preservative, Propellant Acidulant, Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant, Emulsifying Salt
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) 40 mg / kg body weight per day (Group ADI as phosphorus)
Chemical Formula
CO2 H3PO4 (pKa1 2.15)
Primary Mechanism
Dissolves in water forming carbonic acid (H2CO3) for effervescence; displaces O2 in packaging to block aerobic mold growth Lowers beverage pH to ~2.5 with a clean, sharp, non-fruity tang; retards bacterial outgrowth
Common Target Foods
Carbonated soft drinks, sparkling water, beer, champagne, MAP bagged salads, fresh meats Cola soft drinks, root beers, processed cheese melts, sports hydration drinks
Dietary Compliance
100% Vegan, Halal, Kosher Vegan (Mineral phosphate synthesis), Halal, Kosher
Safety Approval
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1240) EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 182.1073)

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