E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)

Direct Answer

E414 (Gum Arabic / Acacia Gum) is a complex arabinogalactan-protein glycoprotein exudate harvested from Acacia senegal trees. INS 414, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), the premier film-forming emulsifier for citrus beverage flavor oils.

Source: EFSA ANS Panel (2017) / Codex · Last reviewed Aug 28, 2026

Specs

E-Number Code	E414
INS / Codex Number	INS 414
Functional Class	Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Encapsulating Agent, Prebiotic Fiber
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)	Not Limited (Quantum Satis)
Chemical Structure	Arabinogalactan core covalently linked to hydroxyproline-rich peptide chains (~2% protein)
Primary Mechanism	Amphiphilic glycoprotein anchors hydrophobic oil droplets while polysaccharide branches project into water, preventing coalescence
Common Target Foods	Citrus soft drinks (Suspends essential oils), gummy candies, confectionery pan coatings, flavor spray drying
Dietary Compliance	100% Vegan (Wild Acacia tree gum), Halal, Kosher
Safety Approval	EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1330)

Beverage Flavor Emulsion Stability (Ringing Prevention)

Gum Arabic coats microscopic orange and lemon essential oil droplets, matching aqueous density to prevent oil from floating to the surface and forming an unsightly neck ring in glass soda bottles.