Side-by-Side Comparison
Food Additives & E-Numbers
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier) vs. E422: Glycerol (Glycerin Humectant & Solvent)
Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 9 key differences identified.
Comparing:
E414: Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum Emulsifier)
E422: Glycerol (Glycerin Humectant & Solvent)
E414 (Gum Arabic / Acacia Gum) is a complex arabinogalactan-protein glycoprotein exudate harvested from Acacia senegal trees. INS 414, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), the premier film-forming emulsifier for citrus beverage flavor oils.
E422 (Glycerol / Glycerin) is a sweet, viscous trihydroxy alcohol (polyol) obtained via lipid hydrolysis. INS 422, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), acting as an essential humectant, moisture retainer, and freeze-point depressant in baked goods and icings.
Specification Comparison Table
10 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
E-Number Code
|
E414 | E422 |
|
INS / Codex Number
|
INS 414 | INS 422 |
|
Functional Class
|
Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Encapsulating Agent, Prebiotic Fiber | Humectant, Solvent, Sweetener, Bodying Agent |
|
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
|
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) | Not Limited (Quantum Satis) |
|
Primary Mechanism
|
Amphiphilic glycoprotein anchors hydrophobic oil droplets while polysaccharide branches project into water, preventing coalescence | Strongly hygroscopic triol binds water molecules, lowering water activity (aw) and preventing staling |
|
Common Target Foods
|
Citrus soft drinks (Suspends essential oils), gummy candies, confectionery pan coatings, flavor spray drying | Fondant icings, soft-baked cookies, energy bars, cake sponges, liqueur bodying |
|
Dietary Compliance
|
100% Vegan (Wild Acacia tree gum), Halal, Kosher | Vegan (When derived from plant fats), Halal, Kosher |
|
Safety Approval
|
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1330) | EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1320) |
|
Chemical Structure
|
Arabinogalactan core covalently linked to hydroxyproline-rich peptide chains (~2% protein) | — |
|
Chemical Formula
|
— | C3H8O3 (Propane-1,2,3-triol) |
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