Side-by-Side Comparison
Food Additives & E-Numbers
E440: Pectin (Citrus & Apple Jam Gelling Fiber) vs. E965: Maltitol (Sugar Alcohol / 90% Sweetness)
Comparing 2 standards across 12 specifications. 12 key differences identified.
Comparing:
E440: Pectin (Citrus & Apple Jam Gelling Fiber)
E965: Maltitol (Sugar Alcohol / 90% Sweetness)
E440 (Pectin) is a complex heteropolysaccharide rich in alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid extracted from citrus peels and apple pomace. INS 440, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), the global gold standard gelling agent for jams, jellies, and fruit spreads.
E965 (Maltitol) is a disaccharide polyol sugar alcohol produced by hydrogenation of maltose derived from cornstarch. INS 965(i), ADI is Not Specified (Excessive consumption may have laxative effect), delivering 90% the sweetness of sugar with 2.1 kcal/g.
Specification Comparison Table
12 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
E-Number Code
|
E440 | E965 |
|
INS / Codex Number
|
INS 440(i) / 440(ii) | INS 965(i) (Powder) / 965(ii) (Syrup) |
|
Functional Class
|
Gelling Agent, Thickener, Stabilizer, Soluble Fiber | Bulk Sweetener, Humectant, Texturizer |
|
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
|
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) | Not Specified (Quantum Satis / Laxative warning required) |
|
Common Target Foods
|
Fruit jams, marmalades, gummy confectionery, fruit preparations for yogurt, glazes | Sugar-free chocolates, sugar-free gummy bears, baked bars, chewing gum |
|
Dietary Compliance
|
100% Vegan (Citrus peel/apple extraction), Halal, Kosher | Vegan (Cornstarch origin), Halal, Kosher, Non-cariogenic |
|
Safety Approval
|
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1588) | EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1444) |
|
Primary Classes
|
High Methoxyl Pectin (HM, DE > 50%), Low Methoxyl Pectin (LM, DE < 50%) | — |
|
Primary Mechanism
|
HM forms junction zones with sugar (Brix > 55%) + acid (pH < 3.5); LM gels with calcium ions (Ca2+) | — |
|
Relative Sweetness Index
|
— | 90% Sucrose |
|
Caloric Value
|
— | 2.1 kcal / g (47% fewer calories than sugar) kcal/g |
|
Glycemic Index (GI)
|
— | 35 (Maltitol powder) / 52 (Maltitol syrup) |
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