Side-by-Side Comparison
Food Additives & E-Numbers
E440: Pectin (Citrus & Apple Jam Gelling Fiber) vs. E509: Calcium Chloride (Firming Agent / Cheese Salt)
Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 9 key differences identified.
Comparing:
E440: Pectin (Citrus & Apple Jam Gelling Fiber)
E509: Calcium Chloride (Firming Agent / Cheese Salt)
E440 (Pectin) is a complex heteropolysaccharide rich in alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid extracted from citrus peels and apple pomace. INS 440, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), the global gold standard gelling agent for jams, jellies, and fruit spreads.
E509 (Calcium Chloride / CaCl2) is an inorganic calcium mineral salt. INS 509, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), serving as a crucial firming agent in canned tomatoes, tofu coagulant, and rennet coagulation restorer in pasteurized milk cheese making.
Specification Comparison Table
10 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
E-Number Code
|
E440 | E509 |
|
INS / Codex Number
|
INS 440(i) / 440(ii) | INS 509 |
|
Functional Class
|
Gelling Agent, Thickener, Stabilizer, Soluble Fiber | Firming Agent, Coagulant, Sequestrant, Electrolyte |
|
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
|
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) | Not Limited (Quantum Satis) |
|
Primary Mechanism
|
HM forms junction zones with sugar (Brix > 55%) + acid (pH < 3.5); LM gels with calcium ions (Ca2+) | Divalent Ca2+ ions cross-link pectin galacturonan chains in plant cell walls and bridge casein micelles in milk |
|
Common Target Foods
|
Fruit jams, marmalades, gummy confectionery, fruit preparations for yogurt, glazes | Canned whole peeled tomatoes (prevents mushiness), pasteurized cheese vats, soy tofu coagulation, sports pickles |
|
Dietary Compliance
|
100% Vegan (Citrus peel/apple extraction), Halal, Kosher | Vegan (Natural brine/limestone salt), Halal, Kosher |
|
Safety Approval
|
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1588) | EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1193) |
|
Primary Classes
|
High Methoxyl Pectin (HM, DE > 50%), Low Methoxyl Pectin (LM, DE < 50%) | — |
|
Chemical Formula
|
— | CaCl2 |
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