# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Essential Vitamins & Minerals

Calcium (Elemental Ca) vs. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Comparing 2 standards across 9 specifications. 9 key differences identified.

Comparing:
Calcium (Elemental Ca)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body (1.0–1.2 kg), with 99% sequestered in hydroxyapatite bone lattice and 1% tightly regulated at 8.5–10.5 mg/dL serum for cardiac contractility, nerve signaling, and blood coagulation. Adult RDA is 1,000–1,200 mg/day.

View full Calcium (Elemental Ca) spec sheet →

Vitamin B2 is an essential water-soluble isoalloxazine vitamin serving as the core structural component of Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) coenzymes in cellular redox respiration. Adult RDA is 1.3 mg (men) / 1.1 mg (women).

View full Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

9 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
Nutrient Type
Essential Macromineral Water-Soluble Isoalloxazine Vitamin
Adult RDA / RDI
1,000 mg / day (Men 19–70, Women 19–50) / 1,200 mg (Women 51+, Men 71+) 1.3 mg / day (Men) / 1.1 mg / day (Women)
Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)
2,500 mg / day (Adults 19–50) / 2,000 mg / day (Adults 51+) (Avoid nephrolithiasis / vascular calcification) None Established (Saturates intestinal absorption at ~27mg; excreted as harmless bright yellow urine)
Chemical Forms
Calcium Carbonate (40% elemental Ca / requires stomach acid), Calcium Citrate (21% elemental Ca / acid-independent), Hydroxyapatite Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate (FMN), Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
Primary Biological Function
Hydroxyapatite bone/dental structure [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], Troponin-C actin-myosin muscle contraction, Factor IV blood clotting cascade, Exocytosis neurotransmitter release Complex I and Complex II mitochondrial electron transport chain cytochromes, Glutathione Reductase, B6/Folate activation
Deficiency Condition
Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Rickets (children), Tetany (Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs of hypocalcemia) Ariboflavinosis (Angular cheilitis / cracked lip corners, glossitis / magenta tongue, seborrheic dermatitis)
Top Whole Food Sources
Parmigiano-Reggiano, Sharp Cheddar, Whole Milk, Sardines with bones, Kale, Tofu (Calcium-set), Fortified Plant Milk Beef Liver, Dairy Milk, Greek Yogurt, Eggs, Almonds, Portobello Mushrooms, Spinach
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Homeostasis
Serum Ca2+ drop triggers PTH secretion, stimulating renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase to produce active Calcitriol (1,25-OH-D3) and osteoclast bone resorption
Photodegradation Vulnerability
Extremely light-sensitive (dairy milk stored in clear glass loses 50% riboflavin within 2 hours of sunlight exposure)