Lithium-Ion (NCA) vs. Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd)
Comparing 2 standards across 9 specifications. 9 key differences identified.
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2 / NCA) provides among the highest gravimetric energy densities (250–280 Wh/kg) of liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion systems. Operating at 3.6V nominal, NCA offers high power delivery and long lifespan, making it the chemistry chosen by Panasonic and Tesla for high-performance 18650 and 21700 EV cylindrical cell packs.
Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) is a mature, exceptionally rugged alkaline secondary chemistry operating at 1.2V nominal. Renowned for sustaining massive pulse discharge currents, operating reliably in deep sub-zero temperatures (-40°C), and enduring harsh electrical abuse, NiCd remains in service for aircraft backup power, emergency lighting, and legacy industrial systems.
Specification Comparison Table
9 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Nominal Cell Voltage
|
3.60 V | 1.20 V |
|
Gravimetric Energy Density
|
250 – 280 Wh/kg | 45 – 65 Wh/kg |
|
Volumetric Energy Density
|
650 – 750 Wh/L | 120 – 160 Wh/L |
|
Cycle Life (to 80% Capacity)
|
1,000 – 1,500 Cycles | 1,000 – 2,000 Cycles |
|
Thermal Runaway Threshold
|
~150 °C | > 260 °C |
|
Operating Temperature Range
|
-20 to +60 °C | -40 to +60 °C |
|
Self-Discharge Rate
|
1 – 2% / Month | 15 – 20% / Month |
|
Primary Anode Material
|
Synthetic Graphite / Silicon-doped Carbon | Metallic Cadmium (Cd) |
|
Primary Cathode Material
|
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) | Nickel Oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) |