Lithium-Ion (NCA)
Battery Chemistries · 9 specs
Direct Answer
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2 / NCA) provides among the highest gravimetric energy densities (250–280 Wh/kg) of liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion systems. Operating at 3.6V nominal, NCA offers high power delivery and long lifespan, making it the chemistry chosen by Panasonic and Tesla for high-performance 18650 and 21700 EV cylindrical cell packs.
Source: IEC 62660 / SAE J2464 · Last reviewed Aug 28, 2026
Specs
| Nominal Cell Voltage | 3.60 V |
| Gravimetric Energy Density | 250 – 280 Wh/kg |
| Volumetric Energy Density | 650 – 750 Wh/L |
| Cycle Life (to 80% Capacity) | 1,000 – 1,500 Cycles |
| Thermal Runaway Threshold | ~150 °C |
| Operating Temperature Range | -20 to +60 °C |
| Self-Discharge Rate | 1 – 2% / Month |
| Primary Anode Material | Synthetic Graphite / Silicon-doped Carbon |
| Primary Cathode Material | Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) |
High Energy Density with Aluminum Stabilization
NCA chemistry maximizes energy density by pushing nickel content to 80% or higher while substituting manganese with a small proportion of aluminum (typically ~5%). Aluminum acts as a chemical stabilizer, reinforcing the crystal lattice against degradation at high state-of-charge, though NCA requires precise thermal management systems due to its lower thermal runaway onset temperature compared to LFP or NMC.