# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Smart Cards & RFID

RAIN RFID / EPC Gen2 vs. ISO/IEC 15693

Comparing 2 standards across 15 specifications. 15 key differences identified.

Comparing:
RAIN RFID / EPC Gen2
ISO/IEC 15693

RAIN RFID (ISO/IEC 18000-63 / GS1 EPC Gen2) is an Ultra-High Frequency (UHF, 860–960 MHz) wireless standard utilizing electromagnetic backscatter coupling. Enabling simultaneous inventory reading of hundreds of passive tags per second over distances up to 12 meters, it is the global standard for retail apparel, aviation baggage, and logistics supply chains.

View full RAIN RFID / EPC Gen2 spec sheet →

ISO/IEC 15693 (NFC Forum Type 5) is an international standard for High-Frequency (13.56 MHz) Vicinity Integrated Circuit Cards (VICC). Engineered with relaxed power requirements and highly sensitive subcarrier modulation, it achieves read ranges up to 1 to 1.5 meters, making it the standard for library item tracking, ski resort passes, and pharmaceutical logistics.

View full ISO/IEC 15693 spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

15 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
Operating Frequency Band
860–960 MHz (865–868 MHz EU / 902–928 MHz US)
Standard Specifications
GS1 EPC Gen2 v2 / ISO/IEC 18000-63
Communication Mechanism
Passive Modulated Backscatter (Far-field EM)
Typical Read Range
5 to 12 m (passive tags)
Inventory Read Speed
Up to 1,000 tags/sec
Forward Link Modulation
DSB-ASK, SSB-ASK, or PR-ASK (PIE encoding)
Return Link Modulation
FM0 or Miller Subcarrier (40 to 640 kbps)
Memory Banks
Reserved (Kill/Access passwords), EPC, TID (Factory ID), User Memory
Frequency Bands
13.56 MHz
Operating Distance
Up to 1.0 to 1.5 m (Vicinity range)
NFC Forum Classification
Type 5 Tag
Data Rates (Downlink)
26.48 kbps (High data rate) / 1.65 kbps (Low rate)
Downlink Modulation
100% or 10%–30% ASK (1-out-of-4 or 1-out-of-256 pulse position coding)
Uplink Modulation
Manchester coding on 423.75 kHz single or dual subcarriers
Prominent Silicon Families
NXP ICODE, STMicroelectronics ST25TV, Texas Instruments Tag-it