E150d: Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (Class IV Caramel)

Direct Answer

E150d (Class IV Caramel) is prepared by heating carbohydrates with both sulfite and ammonium compounds, creating an intensely dark, negatively charged colloid. INS 150d, group ADI is 300 mg/kg bw/day, the global color standard in cola soft drinks.

Source: EFSA ANS Panel (2011) / JECFA · Last reviewed Aug 28, 2026

Specs

E-Number Code	E150d
INS / Codex Number	INS 150d
Functional Class	Food Color (Deep Brown / Black)
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)	300 mg / kg body weight per day (Group ADI for caramel colors)
Isoelectric Point & Charge	Strong negative colloidal charge (pH 0.5–2.0) preventing precipitation in acid sodas
Primary Mechanism	High tinctorial power melanoidin polymers soluble and stable in carbonated phosphoric acid matrix
Common Target Foods	Cola soft drinks, dark beers/stouts, gravies, pet foods, soy sauce
Dietary Compliance	Vegan (Sugar/syrup base), Halal, Kosher
Safety Approval	EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (Strictly controlled 4-MEI limits)

Negative Colloidal Charge Stability in Colas

Phosphoric acid in colas causes positively charged colors to flocculate and settle. E150d's negative sulfonic acid groups repel each other, ensuring permanent optical clarity and darkness for years on retail shelves.