Lithium Titanate (LTO)
Battery Chemistries · 9 specs
Direct Answer
Lithium Titanate (Li4Ti5O12 / LTO) chemistry replaces carbon graphite anodes with nanocrystalline lithium titanate. Operating at 2.3V–2.4V nominal, LTO achieves industry-record cycle life exceeding 15,000–30,000+ cycles, extreme rapid charging rates up to 10C–30C (0 to 80% in under 5 minutes), and sub-zero operation down to -40°C with near-zero SEI degradation.
Source: IEC 62660 / UL 9540A · Last reviewed Aug 28, 2026
Specs
| Nominal Cell Voltage | 2.30 – 2.40 V |
| Gravimetric Energy Density | 70 – 100 Wh/kg |
| Volumetric Energy Density | 150 – 220 Wh/L |
| Cycle Life (to 80% Capacity) | 15,000 – 30,000+ Cycles |
| Thermal Runaway Threshold | > 280 (Extremely Safe) °C |
| Operating Temperature Range | -40 to +65 °C |
| Self-Discharge Rate | < 1% / Month |
| Primary Anode Material | Lithium Titanate Oxide (Li4Ti5O12) |
| Primary Cathode Material | NMC or LMO (Lithium Manganese Oxide) |
Zero-Strain Anode Architecture
Lithium Titanate has a 'zero-strain' spinel crystal lattice that experiences practically zero structural volume change during lithium insertion and extraction. Because the operating potential of LTO sits around 1.55V vs Li/Li+, it operates well above the threshold where lithium metal plating can occur, completely eliminating dendrite formation and thermal runaway even under 30C charging.