# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Essential Vitamins & Minerals

Vitamin E (d-Alpha-Tocopherol) vs. Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)

Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 10 key differences identified.

Comparing:
Vitamin E (d-Alpha-Tocopherol)
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin E (d-Alpha-Tocopherol) →

Vitamin E is the principal fat-soluble peroxyl radical-scavenging antioxidant protecting cellular polyunsaturated membrane phospholipids. Adult RDA is 15 mg (22.4 IU) of d-alpha-tocopherol, with a Tolerable Upper Limit of 1,000 mg (1,500 IU)/day.

View full Vitamin E (d-Alpha-Tocopherol) spec sheet →
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) →

Vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble naphthoquinone synthesized by photosynthetic plants. Adequate Intake (AI) is 120µg (men) / 90µg (women), acting as an essential cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in blood clotting and osteocalcin bone mineralization.

View full Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

10 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
Vitamin E (d-Alpha-Tocopherol)
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Nutrient Type
Fat-Soluble Chromanol Lipophilic Vitamin Fat-Soluble Naphthoquinone Vitamin
Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)
1,000 mg / day (1,500 IU synthetic) (Excess impairs Vitamin K clotting cascade) None Established (No adverse effects reported)
Chemical Forms
RRR-alpha-Tocopherol (Natural d-alpha), all-rac-alpha-Tocopherol (Synthetic dl-alpha), Gamma/Delta-Tocopherols Phylloquinone (K1 - Green Plants), Menaquinones (K2: MK-4, MK-7 - Ferments/Animal)
Primary Biological Function
Breaks lipid peroxidation chain in PUFA cell membranes, protects LDL from oxidative modification, maintains erythrocyte membrane integrity Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase cofactor (Factors II, VII, IX, X), Osteocalcin carboxylation, Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) vascular calcification inhibitor
Deficiency Condition
Hemolytic anemia, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Peripheral neuropathy, Loss of vibratory/proprioceptive sense Coagulopathy, Hemorrhage, Impaired bone density
Top Whole Food Sources
Wheat Germ Oil, Sunflower Seeds, Raw Almonds, Hazelnuts, Sunflower Oil, Spinach, Hass Avocado Spinach, Kale, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Natto (K2 MK-7), Parsley
Adult RDA / RDI
15 mg / day (22.4 IU) of 2R-alpha-tocopherol —
Hepatic Alpha-TTP Specificity
The liver secretes only alpha-tocopherol into VLDL via Alpha-Tocopherol Transfer Protein (alpha-TTP); other tocopherols are degraded in bile —
Adult Adequate Intake (AI)
— 120 µg / day (Men) / 90 µg / day (Women)
Warfarin / Anticoagulant Interaction
— Direct competitive antagonist to Coumadin/Warfarin (requires consistent daily intake)

Other Alternatives to Compare

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