Tire Load Index vs. Wheel Bolt Patterns
Comparing 2 standards across 14 specifications. 14 key differences identified.
The Tire Load Index (standardized under ISO 4000-1) is a numerical code assigned to a passenger or commercial tire indicating the maximum physical weight (in kilograms and pounds) the tire can carry when inflated to its maximum operating cold tire pressure. Spanning Load Index 70 (335 kg / 739 lb) to Load Index 120 (1400 kg / 3086 lb) per tire.
Wheel Bolt Patterns (defined by the number of wheel lugs and their Pitch Circle Diameter / PCD in millimeters or inches, e.g. 5×114.3 mm or 5×4.5") establish the mechanical bolt hole circle on the wheel hub. Standardizing automotive fitments across Japanese (5×114.3), German VAG/Mercedes (5×112), BMW (5×120 / 5×112), Ford/PSA (4×108), and pickup trucks (6×139.7 / 6×5.5").
Specification Comparison Table
14 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Standardization
|
ISO 4000-1 / ETRTO / TRA Load Tables | — |
|
Standard Load (SL) Pressure
|
Calibrated at 2.5 bar (36 psi) cold inflation pressure for passenger car tires | — |
|
Extra Load (XL / Reinforced)
|
Reinforced internal carcass calibrated at 2.9 bar (42 psi) for heavy electric vehicles (EVs) and SUVs | — |
|
Common Passenger Load Indices
|
LI 82: 475 kg (1,047 lb) | LI 88: 560 kg (1,235 lb) | LI 91: 615 kg (1,356 lb) | LI 95: 690 kg (1,521 lb) | — |
|
Heavy EV & SUV Load Indices
|
LI 100: 800 kg (1,764 lb) | LI 104: 900 kg (1,984 lb) | LI 108: 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) | LI 112: 1,120 kg (2,469 lb) | — |
|
Vehicle Axle Calculation
|
Sum of two tire load capacities on an axle must exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) | — |
|
HL (High Load) EV Benchmark
|
New standard for heavy battery packs carrying higher load at equivalent tire volume and pressure | — |
|
Definition of PCD
|
— | The diameter of the notional circle passing through the center of all wheel lug stud holes |
|
5×114.3 mm (5×4.5 in)
|
— | The most widely used Japanese/American pattern: Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Hyundai, Kia, Ford Mustang, Tesla Model 3/Y |
|
5×112 mm
|
— | The German automotive benchmark: Volkswagen, Audi, Porsche Macan, Mercedes-Benz, modern BMW (G-chassis), MINI |
|
5×120 mm (5×4.72 in)
|
— | Classic BMW (E & F chassis), Honda Civic Type R (FK8/FL5), Tesla Model S/X, Chevrolet Corvette |
|
5×100 mm & 4×100 mm
|
— | 5×100: Subaru WRX/BRZ, Toyota GT86, older VW Golf | 4×100: Mazda Miata NA/NB, classic Honda Civic, BMW E30 |
|
6×139.7 mm (6×5.5 in)
|
— | The universal body-on-frame truck/SUV standard: Toyota Tacoma/4Runner/Land Cruiser, Ford Ranger, Chevy Silverado |
|
5-Lug Measurement Rule
|
— | Measure from the center of one hole to the outer edge of the second opposite hole (not center-to-center) |