Side-by-Side Comparison
Essential Vitamins & Minerals
Sodium (Elemental Na) vs. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Comparing 2 standards across 11 specifications. 11 key differences identified.
Comparing:
Sodium (Elemental Na)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Sodium is the principal extracellular cation (135–145 mEq/L extracellular), maintaining extracellular fluid volume, plasma osmolality, and driving secondary active transport. Adequate Intake (AI) is 1,500 mg/day, with a Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) limit of 2,300 mg/day.
Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble pyrimidine/thiazole vitamin acting as the Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) coenzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. Adult RDA is 1.2 mg (men) / 1.1 mg (women) (no Upper Limit established).
Specification Comparison Table
11 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Nutrient Type
|
Essential Macromineral / Major Extracellular Electrolyte | Water-Soluble Thiazole Vitamin |
|
Chemical Forms
|
Sodium Chloride (NaCl, 39.3% Na by weight), Monosodium Glutamate (MSG, 12.3% Na), Sodium Bicarbonate (27.4% Na) | Thiamine Monophosphate, Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP / TDP, active coenzyme), Benfotiamine (Lipid-soluble synthetic) |
|
Primary Biological Function
|
Extracellular fluid osmolality maintenance, Blood pressure / volume homeostasis, Action potential depolarization (voltage-gated Na+ channels), SGLT1 glucose cotransport | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (Links glycolysis to Krebs cycle), Transketolase (Pentose Phosphate Pathway), Myelin neurotransmission |
|
Deficiency Condition
|
Hyponatremia (Serum Na+ < 135 mmol/L): Cerebral edema, Nausea, Muscle cramps, Seizures, Coma (often exercise-associated from over-hydration) | Beriberi (Wet beriberi: high-output heart failure; Dry beriberi: peripheral neuropathy), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
|
Top Whole Food Sources
|
Table Salt (NaCl), Cured Bacon, Soy Sauce, Parmigiano-Reggiano, Pickles, Olives, Bread (Processed food accounts for 70% of intake) | Pork Tenderloin, Sunflower Seeds, Nutritional Yeast, Enriched Grains, Black Beans, Flaxseeds |
|
Adult Adequate Intake (AI)
|
1,500 mg / day (Equal to 3.8 g table salt NaCl) | — |
|
Chronic Disease Limit (CDRR)
|
2,300 mg / day (Equal to 5.8 g table salt / 1 level teaspoon) | — |
|
Renal Renin-Angiotensin System
|
Juxtaglomerular apparatus senses low tubular sodium/pressure, secreting renin to stimulate aldosterone and renal Na+ reabsorption | — |
|
Adult RDA / RDI
|
— | 1.2 mg / day (Men) / 1.1 mg / day (Women) (+0.3mg during pregnancy) |
|
Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)
|
— | None Established (Rapid renal clearance of excess) |
|
Thermolability & Alcohol Interaction
|
— | Degraded by alkaline pH and high heat cooking; alcohol blocks intestinal active ThTr-1 transport |
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