Side-by-Side Comparison
Food Additives & E-Numbers
E621: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG / Umami Flavor Enhancer) vs. E627: Disodium Guanylate (GMP Umami Synergist)
Comparing 2 standards across 13 specifications. 13 key differences identified.
Comparing:
E621: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG / Umami Flavor Enhancer)
E627: Disodium Guanylate (GMP Umami Synergist)
Monosodium Glutamate (E621, MSG, C5H8NO4Na) is the sodium salt of L-glutamic acid produced via Corynebacterium glutamicum sugar fermentation, activating human T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer umami taste receptors to enhance savory mouthfeel.
E627 (Disodium 5'-Guanylate / GMP) is the sodium salt of guanylic acid, a purine nucleotide naturally concentrated in dried shiitake mushrooms. INS 627, ADI is Not Specified, exhibiting massive 8x–30x synergistic umami amplification when paired with MSG.
Specification Comparison Table
13 Parameters| Parameter / Spec | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Chemical Formula
|
C₅H₈NO₄Na · H₂O (Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate monohydrate) | C10H12N5Na2O8P · xH2O |
|
Functional Class
|
Flavor Enhancer (Umami savory tastant) | Flavor Enhancer (Purine Nucleotide Umami Synergist) |
|
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
|
30 mg/kg body weight per day (EFSA 2017) / Not Specified (JECFA 1987) | Not Specified (Quantum Satis) |
|
INS / E-Number
|
INS 621 / E621 | — |
|
Taste Receptor Target
|
T1R1 + T1R3 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer + mGluR4 | — |
|
Sodium Content
|
12.3% Sodium by weight (compared to 39.3% in standard table salt NaCl) | — |
|
Synergistic Umami Multiplication
|
1:1 ratio with E627 (Disodium Guanylate) / E631 (Disodium Inosinate) increases umami perception up to 8-fold | — |
|
E-Number Code
|
— | E627 |
|
INS / Codex Number
|
— | INS 627 |
|
Primary Mechanism
|
— | Binds allosteric site on T1R1/T1R3 umami receptor, locking glutamate into the orthosteric binding pocket |
|
Common Target Foods
|
— | Savory snack seasonings (Doritos, chips), instant ramen noodle seasoning packets, bouillon cubes |
|
Dietary Compliance
|
— | Vegan (Microbial fermentation of tapioca/sugar), Halal, Kosher |
|
Safety Approval
|
— | EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 172.530) |
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