# item.guide
Side-by-Side Comparison Food Additives & E-Numbers

E270: Lactic Acid (Biological Acidulant) vs. E406: Agar-Agar (Seaweed Hydrocolloid Gel)

Comparing 2 standards across 10 specifications. 9 key differences identified.

Comparing:
E270: Lactic Acid (Biological Acidulant)
E406: Agar-Agar (Seaweed Hydrocolloid Gel)

E270 (L-Lactic Acid) is a natural alpha-hydroxy acid produced by fermentation of carbohydrates by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus). INS 270, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), imparting a smooth, mild sour taste in dairy, beers, and bakery sourdoughs.

View full E270: Lactic Acid (Biological Acidulant) spec sheet →

E406 (Agar-Agar) is a natural sulfated galactan polysaccharide hydrocolloid extracted from red algae seaweeds (Rhodophyta). INS 406, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), forming firm, brittle thermoreversible gels with huge hysteresis (melts at 85°C, sets at 35°C).

View full E406: Agar-Agar (Seaweed Hydrocolloid Gel) spec sheet →

Specification Comparison Table

10 Parameters
Parameter / Spec
E-Number Code
E270 E406
INS / Codex Number
INS 270 INS 406
Functional Class
Acidity Regulator, Preservative, Flavoring Agent Gelling Agent, Thickener, Stabilizer (Plant Gelatin Alternative)
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not Limited (Quantum Satis) Not Limited (Quantum Satis)
Primary Mechanism
Provides sustained buffering and mild tartness while suppressing spore-forming spoilage bacteria Forms double helices that aggregate into rigid 3D water-trapping gel matrices
Common Target Foods
Yogurt, sourdough breads, sour ales (Berliner Weisse), olives, confectionery, carcass rinses Vegan jellies, Asian desserts (Yokan), confectionery glazes, microbiological agar plates
Dietary Compliance
100% Vegan (Bacterial fermentation of beet/corn sugar), Halal, Kosher 100% Vegan (Red marine algae), Halal, Kosher (Animal-gelatin free)
Safety Approval
EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1061) EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1115)
Chemical Formula
C3H6O3 (2-hydroxypropanoic acid, pKa 3.86)
Chemical Components
Agarose (Gelling polymer) and Agaropektin (Sulfated polymer)

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