E412: Guar Gum (Cold-Soluble Galactomannan)

Direct Answer

E412 (Guar Gum) is a natural galactomannan hydrocolloid extracted from guar beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). INS 412, ADI is Not Limited (Quantum Satis), boasting 8x the thickening power of cornstarch and hydrating completely in cold water.

Source: EFSA ANS Panel (2017) / Codex · Last reviewed Aug 28, 2026

Specs

E-Number Code	E412
INS / Codex Number	INS 412
Functional Class	Thickener, Emulsion Stabilizer, Dietary Fiber
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)	Not Limited (Quantum Satis)
Mannose to Galactose Ratio	2 : 1 (High galactose substitution enables instant cold water solubility)
Primary Mechanism	Entangles water molecules via extensive hydrogen bonding, producing high viscosity at low shear
Common Target Foods	Gluten-free baked goods, salad dressings, ice creams, sauces, instant soup powders
Dietary Compliance	100% Vegan (Guar bean seed endosperm), Halal, Kosher, Non-GMO
Safety Approval	EFSA Authorized / FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1339)

Cold-Water Instant Viscosity vs LBG

Because guar gum has double the galactose side-branches of locust bean gum (2:1 vs 4:1), steric hindrance prevents polymer self-aggregation, allowing full hydration and thickening without cooking.